Week 28: Gerundives: What Must Be Done
This week is designed as a 60-minute self-study lesson. Read aloud first, then translate.
Aim of the Week
Recognise Gerundives as a compact way Sanskrit expresses sequence, completed action, purpose, and obligation.
Core Pattern
Compact verb forms often replace full clauses. Expand them in English when needed.
Translation Practice
- कर्म कर्तव्यम्।
karma kartavyam. - धर्मः ज्ञेयः।
dharmaḥ jñeyaḥ. - श्लोकः पठनीयः।
ślokaḥ paṭhanīyaḥ. - सत्यं द्रष्टव्यम्।
satyaṃ draṣṭavyam.
Answer key
- Action must be done.
- Dharma is to be known.
- The verse should be read.
- Truth is to be seen.
Recitation Guidance
Read compact forms like कृत्वा, गन्तुम्, and कर्तव्यम् as single units.
Vocabulary
| Devanāgarī | IAST | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| कर्तव्यम् | kartavyam | to be done, must be done |
| ज्ञेयः | jñeyaḥ | to be known |
| पठनीयः | paṭhanīyaḥ | to be read |
| द्रष्टव्यम् | draṣṭavyam | to be seen |
| सत्यम् | satyam | truth |
Self-Check
- Can you expand the compact form into a full English clause?
- Can you identify what action happened first?