Week 26: The Past Participle

This week is designed as a 60-minute self-study lesson. Read aloud first, then translate.

Aim of the Week

Recognise Past participles as a compact way Sanskrit expresses sequence, completed action, purpose, and obligation.

Core Pattern

Compact verb forms often replace full clauses. Expand them in English when needed.

Translation Practice

उक्तं वचनम् अस्ति।
uktaṃ vacanam asti.
दृष्टः पुरुषः गच्छति।
dṛṣṭaḥ puruṣaḥ gacchati.
कृतं कर्म नश्यति।
kṛtaṃ karma naśyati.
गतः रामः आगच्छति।
gataḥ rāmaḥ āgacchati.

Answer key

There is a spoken statement. / The statement is said.
The seen man goes.
The done action disappears.
Rāma, who had gone, comes.

Recitation Guidance

Read compact forms like कृत्वा, गन्तुम्, and कर्तव्यम् as single units.

Vocabulary

Devanāgarī	IAST	Meaning
उक्तः	uktaḥ	said, spoken
दृष्टः	dṛṣṭaḥ	seen
कृतः	kṛtaḥ	done
गतः	gataḥ	gone
वचनम्	vacanam	speech, statement

Self-Check

Can you expand the compact form into a full English clause?
Can you identify what action happened first?