Participles, Infinitives, and Gerundives

Compact forms are common in Sanskrit reading.

TypeExampleMeaningHow to translate
Absolutive / gerundकृत्वाhaving doneafter doing
Absolutive / gerundगत्वाhaving goneafter going
Past participleकृतःdonedone; having been done
Infinitiveगन्तुम्to goto go
Gerundiveकर्तव्यम्to be donemust/should be done